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The manipulation of ions in complex oxide materials can be used to mimic brain-like plasticity through changes to the resistivity of a neuromorphic device. Advances in the design of more energy efficient devices require improved understanding of how ions migrate within a material and across its interface. We investigate the exchange of oxygen and hydrogen in a model SrCoOx epitaxial film—a material that transitions between a ferromagnetic metal and antiferromagnetic insulator depending on the oxygen concentration. Changes to the film during ionic liquid gating were measured by in situ synchrotron x-ray techniques as a function of time and gate voltage, examining the reversibility of the oxide over one complete gating cycle. We find that the out-of-plane lattice constant and oxygen vacancy concentration of SrCoOx are largely reversible although changes were observed in the ordered vacancy structure. Our results provide much needed insight into electrolyte-gated phase behavior in the transition metal oxides. 

Microfluidics, involving chemical or physical phenomena at the submillimeter length scale under continuous flow, allows the controlled reaction, assembly, and exfoliation of nanomaterials by adjusting the momentum, heat, and mass transfer. 

Abstract Vapor printing technologies are emerging as powerful tools for device fabrication due to their unique solvent‐free nature. In recent years, a few articles have been published to investigate these printing technologies for applications such as organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), circuits, sensors, photodetectors, and drug screening. These printing technologies are physical vapor printing methods based on ablation, evaporation, and condensation. In this perspective, the advancement of vapor printing technologies is highlighted and introduce an additional approach enabling the chemistry of molecular precursors to be fully exploited dynamically. These additional concepts of vapor printing are introduced from the perspective of the printer's design and the development of process strategies with supporting original data. Furthermore, potential applications, challenges, and outlook are discussed. Specifically, this outlook appeals to researchers involved in nanostructured materials, semiconductors, catalysts, alloys, metals, polymers, functionally gradient materials, multi‐material structures, and additive manufacturing (AM) from academia and industries alike.